Information networks for COVID-19 according to race/ethnicity.

This study highlights information networks for COVID-19 according to race/ethnicity by employing social network analysis for Twitter. First, this study finds that racial/ethnic groups are differently dependent on racial/ethnic key players. Whites and Asians show the highest number of racial/ethnic key players, Hispanics have a racial/ethnic key player, and blacks have no racial/ethnic key player in the top 20. Second, racial/ethnic groups show different characteristics of information resources for COVID-19. Whites have the highest key player group in news media, politicians, and researchers, and blacks show the highest key player group in news media. Asians demonstrate the highest key player group in news media, and Hispanics exhibit institutes as the highest key player group. Lastly, there are some differences in group communications across the race/ethnicity. Whites and blacks show open communication systems, whereas Asians and Hispanics reveal closed communication systems. Therefore, governments should understand the characteristics of communications for COVID-19 according to the race/ethnicity.

The COVID-19 Response in North America.

In our Information Technology (IT) based societies, social media plays an important role in communications and social networks for COVID-19. This study explores social responses for COVID-19 in North America, which is the most severe continent affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs social network analysis for Twitter among the US, Canada, and Mexico. This study finds that the 3 countries show different characteristics of social networks for COVID-19. For example, the Prime Minister plays the second most important role in the Canadian networks, whereas the Presidents play the most significant role in them, in the US, and Mexico. WHO shows a pivotal effect on social networks of COVID-19 in Canada and the US, whereas it does not affect them in Mexico. Canadians are interested in COVID-19 apps, the American people criticize the president and administration as incompetent in terms of COVID-19, and the Mexican people search for COVID-19 cases and the pandemic in Mexico. This study shows that governments and disease experts should understand social networks and communications of social network services, to develop effective COVID-19 policies according to the characteristics of their country.

How do people get information for COVID-19 according to age groups?

This study highlights how people get important information on COVID-19 according to age groups by employing social network analysis for Twitter. First, people have different key players according to the age groups. For example, while universities and journals play a crucial role in the adults' networks, news media have a significant impact on the elderly's networks. Second, people have different characteristics of social network groups according to age. For example, people belong to small groups, and barely communicate with others across the groups in the teens' networks, whereas people in each group have strong communication networks with other groups in the elderly's networks. Third, this study shows that people utilise different domains to share COVID-19 information according to age. For example, while twitter.com ranks first in the children, teens, and elderly's networks, cnn.com places first in the adults' networks.

Informatics for COVID-19 in New York and California.

OBJECTIVE: This study explores how social networks for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are differentiated by regions. METHODS: This study employs a social network analysis for Twitter in New York and California. RESULTS: National key players play an important role in New York, whereas regional key players exert a significant impact on California. Some key players, such as the US President, play an essential role in both New York and California. Hispanic key players play a crucial role in California. Each group is more likely to show communication networks within groups in New York, whereas it is more apt to exhibit communication networks across groups in California. Government players play a different role in social networks according to regions. CONCLUSIONS: Governments should understand how social networks for COVID-19 are differentiated by regions to control the ongoing pandemic effectively.

Social Network Analysis for Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States.

Objectives: This study explores how public key players play an important role in social networks for coronavirus (COVID-19). Methods: This study employs social network analyses based on 2,864 Twitter users and 2,775 communications of Twitter. Results: This study finds that President Trump plays the most important role in social networks among the top 20 key players for both in-degree centrality and content in tweets. Second, Donald Trump and Barak Obama show the opposite result for the in-degree centrality and follower analysis. The result shows that the topic-based networks and the person-based networks play a different role in social networks. This study demonstrates that the presidents, the World Health Organization (WHO) and its regional offices, the Centers for Disease Control, and news channels play a crucial role in the news of COVID-19 for people. Key players, such as Donald Trump, Barack Obama, and BBC, are located in the central networks. In contrast, U.S. news channels and WHO and its regional offices have independent channels. Conclusions: Governments should understand the characteristics of public key players to provide information for COVID-19 in a timely manner.